kinetic and thermodynamic studies of zinc removal from a metal-plating wastewater using firouzkouh zeolite

نویسندگان

سعید حجتی

استادیار گروه خاک شناسی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز احمد لندی

دانشیار گروه خاک شناسی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

introduction with the rapid development of industries such as metal plating facilities, mining, fertilizer producing industries, tanneries and paper industries heavy metals enriched wastewaters are directly or indirectly discharged into the environment. zinc is a trace element that is essential for human health. it is important for the physiological functions of living tissues and regulates many biochemical processes. however, too much zinc can cause eminent health problems, such as stomach cramps, skin irritations, vomiting, nausea and anemia. it is present in effluents from various industries such as galvanization and metal-plating facilities, manufacture of batteries and other metallurgical industries. the most commonly used methods for the removal of metal ions from industrial effluents include chemical precipitation, solvent extraction, reverse osmosis, ultra filtration, adsorption and ion exchange. adsorption has been proven to be an excellent and cheap method to remove hazardous materials such as heavy metals and organic dyes from waste effluents. a good understanding of adsorption equilibrium and thermodynamics is required to design and operate an adsorption process. natural zeolites are widely distributed in arid and semiarid regions of the world. they are low cost aluminosilicates, with a cage-like structure suitable for ion exchange due to isomorphous substitution of al3+ with si4+ in the structure, giving rise to a deficiency of positive charge in the framework. due to the above structural characteristics as well as the chemical and mechanical stability, they have received a great attention for the removal of heavy metals from wastewaters. therefore, this study was conducted to identify the suitability of this mineral for removal of zinc ions from a metal plating wastewater through a series of batch experiments. accordingly, the influence of contact time, solution temperature, size and dose of zeolite particles were investigated.   methods and materials wastewater sample the wastewater sample used in this study was taken from a zinc metal-plating facility in tehran, northern iran. the wastewater sample was analyzed for ph, electrical conductivity (ec), the total concentration of dissolved solids, turbidity, and the total concentration of zn, fe, mg, pb, and cd ions. the concentration of zn and other heavy metals was determined using a savant gbc atomic absorption spectrophotometer (aas).   kinetic experiments all sorption studies were performed using the batch technique because of its simplicity and reliability. the experiments were conducted at ph = 5, sorbent concentration of 2 g l-1, sorbent size of 20-50 µm and at the temperature of 20±1ºc. to investigate the effect of contact time on the adsorption processes a constant mass of zeolite (adsorbent) (0.1 g) and 50 ml of known concentration of wastewater were added to 80 ml polypropylene centrifuge tubes. the mixtures were shaken vigorously on an orbital shaker (175 rpm) and at specified times (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 720, 1440, and 2880 minutes). tubes were then removed from the shaker and centrifuged at 2,500 rpm for 25 min and the zn concentration in the supernatant was measured using aas. in order to investigate the effects of suspension ph and temperature, adsorbent dose and particle size of adsorbents on the percentage removal of zn, the above experiments were also run by varying initial temperature (20 and 40 ° c using a thermostatic shaker bath) adsorbent dose (2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 g l-1), and particle size of adsorbent (

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عنوان ژورنال:
محیط شناسی

جلد ۴۰، شماره ۴، صفحات ۹۰۱-۹۱۲

کلمات کلیدی
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e n t i n e f f l u e n t s f r o m v a r i o u s i n d u s t r i e s s u c h a s g a l v a n i z a t i o n a n d m e t a l ' , ' p l a t i n g f a c i l i t i e s ' , ' m a n u f a c t u r e o f b a t t e r i e s a n d o t h e r m e t a l l u r g i c a l i n d u s t r i e s . t h e m o s t c o m m o n l y u s e d m e t h o d s f o r t h e r e m o v a l o f m e t a l i o n s f r o m i n d u s t r i a l e f f l u e n t s i n c l u d e c h e m i c a l p r e c i p i t a t i o n ' , ' s o l v e n t e x t r a c t i o n ' , ' r e v e r s e o s m o s i s ' , ' u l t r a f i l t r a t i o n ' , ' a d s o r p t i o n a n d i o n e x c h a n g e . a d s o r p t i o n h a s b e e n p r o v e n t o b e a n e x c e l l e n t a n d c h e a p m e t h o d t o r e m o v e h a z a r d o u s m a t e r i a l s s u c h a s h e a v y m e t a l s a n d o r g a n i c d y e s f r o m w a s t e e f f l u e n t s . a g o o d u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f a d s o r p t i o n e q u i l i b r i u m a n d t h e r m o d y n a m i c s i s r e q u i r e d t o d e s i g n a n d o p e r a t e a n a d s o r p t i o n p r o c e s s . n a t u r a l z e o l i t e s a r e w i d e l y d i s t r i b u t e d i n a r i d a n d s e m i a r i d r e g i o n s o f t h e w o r l d . t h e y a r e l o w c o s t a l u m i n o s i l i c a t e s ' , ' w i t h a c a g e ' , ' l i k e s t r u c t u r e s u i t a b l e f o r i o n e x c h a n g e d u e t o i s o m o r p h o u s s u b s t i t u t i o n o f a l 3 + w i t h s i 4 + i n t h e s t r u c t u r e ' , ' g i v i n g r i s e t o a d e f i c i e n c y o f p o s i t i v e c h a r g e i n t h e f r a m e w o r k . d u e t o t h e a b o v e s t r u c t u r a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a s w e l l a s t h e c h e m i c a l a n d m e c h a n i c a l s t a b i l i t y ' , ' t h e y h a v e r e c e i v e d a g r e a t a t t e n t i o n f o r t h e r e m o v a l o f h e a v y m e t a l s f r o m w a s t e w a t e r s . t h e r e f o r e ' , ' t h i s s t u d y w a s c o n d u c t e d t o i d e n t i f y t h e s u i t a b i l i t y o f t h i s m i n e r a l f o r r e m o v a l o f z i n c i o n s f r o m a m e t a l p l a t i n g w a s t e w a t e r t h r o u g h a s e r i e s o f b a t c h e x p e r i m e n t s . a c c o r d i n g l y ' , ' t h e i n f l u e n c e o f c o n t a c t t i m e ' , ' s o l u t i o n t e m p e r a t u r e ' , ' s i z e a n d d o s e o f z e o l i t e p a r t i c l e s w e r e i n v e s t i g a t e d . x a 0 m e t h o d s a n d m a t e r i a l s w a s t e w a t e r s a m p l e t h e w a s t e w a t e r s a m p l e u s e d i n t h i s s t u d y w a s t a k e n f r o m a z i n c m e t a l ' , ' p l a t i n g f a c i l i t y i n t e h r a n ' , ' n o r t h e r n i r a n . t h e w a s t e w a t e r s a m p l e w a s a n a l y z e d f o r p h ' , ' e l e c t r i c a l c o n d u c t i v i t y ( e c ) ' , ' t h e t o t a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f d i s s o l v e d s o l i d s ' , ' t u r b i d i t y ' , ' a n d t h e t o t a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f z n ' , ' f e ' , ' m g ' , ' p b ' , ' a n d c d i o n s . t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f z n a n d o t h e r h e a v y m e t a l s w a s d e t e r m i n e d u s i n g a s a v a n t g b c a t o m i c a b s o r p t i o n s p e c t r o p h o t o m e t e r ( a a s ) . x a 0 k i n e t i c e x p e r i m e n t s a l l s o r p t i o n s t u d i e s w e r e p e r f o r m e d u s i n g t h e b a t c h t e c h n i q u e b e c a u s e o f i t s s i m p l i c i t y a n d r e l i a b i l i t y . t h e e x p e r i m e n t s w e r e c o n d u c t e d a t p h = 5 ' , ' s o r b e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f 2 g l ' , 1 , ' s o r b e n t s i z e o f 2 0 ' , ' 5 0 µ m a n d a t t h e t e m p e r a t u r e o f 2 0 ± 1 º c . t o i n v e s t i g a t e t h e e f f e c t o f c o n t a c t t i m e o n t h e a d s o r p t i o n p r o c e s s e s a c o n s t a n t m a s s o f z e o l i t e ( a d s o r b e n t ) ( 0 . 1 g ) a n d 5 0 m l o f k n o w n c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f w a s t e w a t e r w e r e a d d e d t o 8 0 m l p o l y p r o p y l e n e c e n t r i f u g e t u b e s . t h e m i x t u r e s w e r e s h a k e n v i g o r o u s l y o n a n o r b i t a l s h a k e r ( 1 7 5 r p m ) a n d a t s p e c i e d t i m e s ( 5 ' , 1 0 , 1 5 , 2 0 , 3 0 , 6 0 , 1 2 0 , 2 4 0 , 4 8 0 , 7 2 0 , 1 4 4 0 , ' a n d 2 8 8 0 m i n u t e s ) . t u b e s w e r e t h e n r e m o v e d f r o m t h e s h a k e r a n d c e n t r i f u g e d a t 2 ' , ' 5 0 0 r p m f o r 2 5 m i n a n d t h e z n c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n t h e s u p e r n a t a n t w a s m e a s u r e d u s i n g a a s . i n o r d e r t o i n v e s t i g a t e t h e e f f e c t s o f s u s p e n s i o n p h a n d t e m p e r a t u r e ' , ' a d s o r b e n t d o s e a n d p a r t i c l e s i z e o f a d s o r b e n t s o n t h e p e r c e n t a g e r e m o v a l o f z n ' , ' t h e a b o v e e x p e r i m e n t s w e r e a l s o r u n b y v a r y i n g i n i t i a l t e m p e r a t u r e ( 2 0 a n d 4 0 ° c u s i n g a t h e r m o s t a t i c s h a k e r b a t h ) a d s o r b e n t d o s e ( 2 ' , 4 , 8 , 1 2 , 1 6 , ' a n d 2 0 g l ' , ' 1 ) ' , ' a n d p a r t i c l e s i z e o f a d s o r b e n t ( ' ]

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